A Comparative Study on Recent Developments for Individual Rare Earth Elements Separation

Facilitating the demands of modern society, namely, smartphones, televisions, electric vehicles, and high-stability aircraft structures, requires low-cost high-performance materials a corresponding change in approach needed to design them. Rare earth elements (REEs) play significant role achieving these objectives by adding small amounts alloys, thereby enhancing material properties. Despite being more abundant than precious metals, 17 REEs exhibit subtle variations their chemical physical characteristics. Thus, separation is still crucial for industrial applications. There need develop effective efficient methods. Adding challenge complexity sources related materials. large-scale production REE difficult. Current processing techniques can be categorized into pre-treatment, beneficiation, separation, refining. Researchers have developed various technologies encompassing chemical, physical, biological methods, focusing on economic environmental considerations. However, not all approaches scaled up mass production. This article focuses feasible strategies such as precipitation crystallization, oxidation reduction, ion exchange, adsorption, solvent extraction, membrane separation. Further research traditional methods potentially revolutionize dynamics REEs.